Borobudur temple view from northwest plateau, Central Java, Ind…

Pencak silat Betawi style performed during Betawi wedding cerem…

View of the Palapa B-2 satellite after deployment on STS-41-B.
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Nasi ramas, Indonesian spicy rice with beef rendang

Indonesia

Country Information of Indonesia

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state, comprising over 17,000 islands spanning a vast maritime region in Southeast Asia. Located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the country stretches across approximately 5,000 kilometers from eas...

Capital

Jakarta

Languages

Indonesian

UN-Member?

Yes

Major Cities

Jakarta,Surabaya,Bandung,Bekasi,Medan,Palembang,Semarang,Makassar,Cilacap,Bogor

Major Cities

What Expats Say About IndonesiaBETA

Research in Progress

We're currently analyzing expat perspectives for Indonesia. Check back soon for insights from real experiences!

We're gradually rolling out this feature and continuously improving the insights. The data is based on real expat discussions and will become more comprehensive over time.

Demographics in Indonesia

Life Expectancy

69.2

Population

273,523,621

Religions

Currently under research

Ethnic Composition

Javanese

40.2%

Others (600+ ethnic groups)

34%

Sundanese

15.5%

Malay

3.7%

Batak

3.6%

Climate & Weather in Indonesia

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Safety & Security in Indonesia

Overall Safety Score

Calculated from crime, safety, and healthcare indices

MODERATE

/100

Worldwide Average

Moderate54/100

Oceania Average

Moderate53/100

Crime & Safety Metrics

Index

Compare:

Indonesia

Oceania Average

Safety Index

Moderate

Safety from Crime

Moderate

Safe Alone (Day)

Moderate

Safe Alone (Night)

Low

Safety from Violent Crime

Moderate

Safety from Property Crime

Concerning

Healthcare & Emergency Response

Index

Healthcare Index

Adequate

Healthcare Quality

Adequate

Emergency Response

Adequate

Emergency Services

• Emergency Number: 110 (Police), 113 (Medical), 115 (Fire)

• Ambulance Response: 10-20 minutes urban, 30-45 minutes rural

• Hospital Coverage: Public healthcare system with regional variations

• Trauma Centers: Major centers in Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung

• Language Support: Indonesian primary, limited English in major cities

Emergency Numbers:

• Medical: 113

• Police: 110

• Fire: 115

Response Times:

• Urban areas: ~15 minutes

• Rural areas: ~35 minutes

Hospital System:

Public healthcare system with significant regional disparities, private hospitals concentrated in major urban centers

Major Trauma Centers:

Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung

Language Support:

Limited English support in emergency services, translation may be challenging

Data Completeness: complete

Entry Restrictions in Indonesia

Summarizing data... just a few seconds

Visa Requirements for Indonesia

Living Costs in Indonesia

Indonesia offers an extremely low cost of living, with expenses approximately 70% lower than Western countries and very affordable housing and food prices.

Crime & Safety in Indonesia

Moderate safety levels with typical urban crime risks; petty theft and scams more common than violent crime, with significant regional variations.

Safety Index: 53.60 | Crime Level: 46.40

Health System in Indonesia

Mixed healthcare system with improving public infrastructure but significant quality disparities between urban and rural regions.

Quality Rating: 5.5/10

Advantages in Indonesia

Incredibly low cost of living for expatriates
Rich cultural diversity across 17,000 islands
Tropical climate with year-round warm temperatures
Growing economic opportunities in emerging markets

Disadvantages in Indonesia

Complex bureaucracy and challenging business regulations
Significant infrastructure limitations outside major cities
Air pollution in large metropolitan areas
Limited English proficiency in many regions

Government & Politics in Indonesia

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Economic Overview in Indonesia

Index

GDP

$1.32T

HDI

0.7

Quality of Life

40/100

-3 vs NYC

Purchasing Power

13/100

-29 vs NYC

Understanding the economic landscape is essential for evaluating living costs and opportunities in Indonesia. This comprehensive overview covers key financial indicators including cost of living, housing markets, income levels, and fiscal policies that shape daily life and long-term financial planning.

Economic & Living Costs in Indonesia

Food & Dining Costs

Meal, Inexpensive Restaurant

15000-64232 Rp

Avg: 39616 Rp

Meal for 2 People, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course

150000-600000 Rp

Avg: 375000 Rp

McMeal at McDonalds (or Equivalent Combo Meal)

50000-70000 Rp

Avg: 60000 Rp

Domestic Beer (0.5 liter draught)

25000-70000 Rp

Avg: 47500 Rp

Housing & Real Estate Costs

Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre

2500000-15713474.55 Rp

Avg: 9106737.28 Rp

Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre

1200000-8000000 Rp

Avg: 4600000 Rp

Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre

4500000-35000000 Rp

Avg: 19750000 Rp

Apartment (3 bedrooms) Outside of Centre

2500000-25000000 Rp

Avg: 13750000 Rp

Transportation Costs

One-way Ticket (Local Transport)

3500-10000 Rp

Avg: 6750 Rp

Chicken Fillets (1kg)

26300-78000 Rp

Avg: 52150 Rp

Monthly Pass (Regular Price)

137160.62-300000 Rp

Avg: 218580.31 Rp

Gasoline (1 liter)

10000-14000 Rp

Avg: 12000 Rp

Utilities & Communications Costs

Basic (Electricity, Heating, Cooling, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment

600000-2125000 Rp

Avg: 1362500 Rp

Internet (60 Mbps or More, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL)

270000-600000 Rp

Avg: 435000 Rp

Mobile Phone Monthly Plan with Calls and 10GB+ Data

32000-150000 Rp

Avg: 91000 Rp

Grocery Costs

Milk (regular), (1 liter)

16000-30000 Rp

Avg: 23000 Rp

Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g)

14500-40000 Rp

Avg: 27250 Rp

Eggs (regular) (12)

16704-36000 Rp

Avg: 26352 Rp

Local Cheese (1kg)

60000-320000 Rp

Avg: 190000 Rp

Entertainment & Sports Costs

Fitness Club, Monthly Fee for 1 Adult

160000-800000 Rp

Avg: 480000 Rp

Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend)

50000-200000 Rp

Avg: 125000 Rp

Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat

40000-70000 Rp

Avg: 55000 Rp

Preschool (or Kindergarten), Full Day, Private, Monthly for 1 Child

750000-3500000 Rp

Avg: 2125000 Rp

Last updated: 2025-11-09

Education System in Indonesia

Research in progress... please wait a minute

Transportation & Infrastructure in Indonesia

Indonesia, with its 273 million population across 17,000 islands, features a diverse transportation landscape dominated by ferries, roads, and aviation. Strengths include 656 airports (79 major) and expanding Trans-Java toll roads, while challenges encompass severe urban congestion in Jakarta, limited public transit outside cities, and archipelago connectivity issues. Residents rely on motorcycles, buses, and trains; visitors use airports and ride-hailing apps amid ongoing ITS and EV investments.

Public Transport

Below Average

Road Infrastructure

Below Average

Public Transport

4.2/10

Basic public transport with Jakarta MRT (39km), LRT (6km), and BRT (231km) serving urban areas. Komuter trains and TransJakarta buses offer fair coverage in capitals, but limited integration, low frequency outside Java, and poor rural access prevail.

Road Infrastructure

4.8/10

Trans-Java Toll Road connects key cities; Balikpapan-Samarinda toll aids Kalimantan. Urban congestion severe in Jakarta/Bandung; rural roads often poor with maintenance gaps, high fatalities, and emerging ITS for signals/incidents.

Internet Speed

5.8/10

Average fixed broadband ~75 Mbps, mobile ~60 Mbps (2025 Speedtest data). Fiber expanding in Java cities via Palapa Ring; urban 4G/5G strong, rural gaps persist despite investments.

Avg: 75+ Mbps • Urban expansion (Jakarta, Surabaya), limited rural; 30-40% FTTH coverage in cities

Airport Connectivity

7.6/10

656 airports including 79 major; Soekarno-Hatta (CGK) key hub with expansions to 1.5M ton cargo. Strong domestic network; good international links to Asia/Europe via CGK, DPS, SUB.

Hubs: Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta (CGK), Bali Ngurah Rai (DPS), Surabaya Juanda (SUB), Medan Kualanamu (KNO)

Transportation Costs

Metro Pass: IDR 200,000/month (Jakarta KRL/MRT)
Bus Trip: IDR 3,500-10,000 per ride (TransJakarta)
Taxi: IDR 8,000 start + IDR 5,000/km (Blue Bird); Grab ~IDR 4,000/km
High-speed Train: IDR 300,000-750,000 Jakarta-Surabaya (KCIC Whoosh)

Mobile Network

5G Coverage: Major cities (Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung) covered by Telkomsel, XL; expanding to 50+ cities by 2026

4G Coverage: 95%+ population coverage; strong nationwide from Telkomsel, Indosat, XL

Reliable urban networks with good speeds; rural 4G improving via BTS expansions, but remote islands lag.

Driving License

IDP requiredConversion needed

Foreign licenses + IDP valid 3-12 months for tourists. Long-term residents must convert to Indonesian SIM via tests after 1 year. Left-hand driving.

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Work & Business in Indonesia

Indonesia is Southeast Asia's largest economy with a population of 273.5 million and a GDP of $1.32 trillion USD. The country offers diverse employment opportunities across tourism, technology, manufacturing, and natural resources sectors. With projected economic growth around 5% in 2026, Indonesia presents compelling opportunities for both workers and entrepreneurs seeking to tap into a dynamic emerging market with improving macroeconomic stability and ongoing structural reforms.

Employment Rate

68.0%

Moderate employment rate with strong domestic demand supporting job creation. Labor market characterized by significant informal sector activity. Growth driven by transport, logistics, telecommunications, and mining sectors. Youth employment and gender balance remain areas for improvement.

Startup Ecosystem

62.0%

Growing startup ecosystem with government support through digital transformation initiatives (DEFA) and special economic zones. Improving regulatory environment and licensing certainty attracting entrepreneurs. However, ecosystem remains concentrated in major cities with limited venture capital compared to developed markets. Structural reforms and digital infrastructure expansion creating new opportunities.

Average Salary Range

IDR 36,000,000 - IDR 120,000,000 annually

Average salaries range from 36-120 million IDR annually depending on sector and experience. Technology and finance sectors offer higher compensation (80-120M+ IDR). Significant regional variation with Jakarta offering premium salaries. Cost of living varies considerably by location, with strong purchasing power outside major urban centers.

Work Visa Requirements

EU Citizens:

EU citizens require a visa for entry and work authorization. B211A work visa available for skilled workers with employer sponsorship. Processing typically 2-4 weeks. No special EU Blue Card equivalent program.

Non-EU Citizens:

Work visa (B211A) required with employer sponsorship and government approval. Limited Temporary Stay Permit (B211A) available for skilled professionals. Digital nomad visa not officially available. Processing requires documentation from employer and relevant ministry approval.

Indonesia requires work authorization for all foreign nationals regardless of origin. Employer sponsorship is mandatory. Process involves multiple government agencies and typically takes 2-4 weeks. Regulatory environment becoming more sophisticated with stricter compliance requirements for foreign workers.

Business Registration

Timeline:

2-4 weeks

Minimum Capital:

IDR 50,000,000

Business registration involves company incorporation, tax registration, and obtaining business licenses through multiple agencies. PT (Perseroan Terbatas - Limited Liability Company) is standard structure requiring minimum capital of 50 million IDR. Process increasingly digitalized but remains complex. Regulatory environment becoming more sophisticated, requiring careful planning across compliance, immigration, and taxation. Foreign investors benefit from special economic zones offering streamlined procedures.

Remote Work Policies

Legal Status:

No comprehensive remote work legislation. Remote work arrangements handled through individual employment contracts. Government encouraging digital transformation but lacking formal remote work framework.

Growing acceptance of remote work post-pandemic, particularly in technology and finance sectors. Co-working spaces expanding in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. Digital infrastructure improving but remains uneven outside major cities. Cross-border remote work requires careful tax and immigration planning. Employer attitudes increasingly flexible for knowledge workers and tech professionals.

Key Industries

Technology & Digital

Tourism & Hospitality

Manufacturing & Downstream Industrialization

Mining & Natural Resources

Transport & Logistics

Telecommunications

Energy & Power

Agriculture & Food Security

Job Opportunities by Sector

Technology & Digital:

High demand for software developers, data scientists, and digital specialists. Government digital transformation initiatives (DEFA) and fintech growth driving expansion. Jakarta and Bandung tech hubs offering 50-100M+ IDR salaries. Strong growth in e-commerce and digital payments sectors.

Transport, Logistics & Infrastructure:

Significant job creation through infrastructure spending and downstream industrialization. Roles in supply chain management, port operations, and logistics coordination. Government investment in special economic zones creating employment across multiple skill levels.

Mining & Downstream Processing:

Concentrated investment in metal processing and mineral value-addition. Skilled positions in engineering, operations, and project management. Competitive salaries but limited employment breadth. Environmental and regulatory compliance expertise highly valued.

Tourism & Hospitality:

Recovery and growth in tourism sector post-pandemic. Opportunities in hotel management, tour operations, and hospitality services. Multilingual skills (English, Mandarin) highly valued. Seasonal variations in employment availability, particularly in Bali and coastal regions.

Finance & Banking:

Growing financial services sector with demand for banking professionals, fintech specialists, and compliance officers. Government liquidity support strengthening banking system. Jakarta-based roles commanding premium salaries (60-120M+ IDR). Digital banking transformation creating new positions.

Energy & Food Security:

Government priority sectors with investment in renewable energy and food production. Opportunities in project management, technical roles, and supply chain. Growing emphasis on sustainability creating specialized positions in green energy and sustainable agriculture.

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Retirement & Senior Living in Indonesia

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Legal & Administrative in Indonesia

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Environment & Sustainability in Indonesia

Indonesia faces significant environmental challenges including escalating climate disasters, deforestation, and high GHG emissions primarily from land-use change. With stable air quality trends but rising extreme weather events like floods and heatwaves, sustainability efforts are hindered by stalled reforms and fossil fuel dependence, despite NDC commitments for net zero by 2060.

Air Quality Index

Moderate

5.0/10

Stable trend

Air quality in Indonesia shows stable trends per database data, but emissions from fossil fuels and land-use contribute to pollution. Public concern is high, with 48% believing renewable shift improves air quality, above global average.

Water Quality

Moderate

5.0/10

Water quality faces risks from floods and pollution, with recent Jakarta flooding in March 2025 inundating hospitals and homes. Access and treatment standards challenged by climate impacts and urbanization.

Limited data on safety; disasters exacerbate contamination risks.

Recycling System

Recycling infrastructure data unavailable in database; national efforts limited amid waste management challenges from disasters and urbanization.

Green Spaces

Deforestation surged to 470,000 hectares by October 2025, with Sumatra as hotspot; Papua forests redesignated for agriculture, threatening biodiversity.

Forest Coverage: 35.5%

Moratorium on new concessions exists but enforcement weak amid palm oil expansion.

Environmental Policies

Second NDC targets 31.89% unconditional emissions reduction by 2030, net zero by 2060; rated critically insufficient, with rising emissions projected.

Key Policies:

•Second NDC 2025
•Paris Agreement Ratification
•JETP for renewables

Renewable Energy: Needs 55-82% renewables by 2030 for 1.5°C alignment.

Natural Disaster Risk

HIGH

High risk from floods, landslides, earthquakes; 6,827 climate disasters 2023-2024 affected 13M people. Sumatra floods Nov 2025 deadly; Jakarta floods Mar 2025 evacuated thousands.

floodslandslidesearthquakesdroughts

Climate Change Impacts: Temperature hit 38.4°C Oct 2024; glaciers shrank from 2.4 km² (2000) to 0.23 km² (2021), vanishing by 2026. Floods/landslides up due to deforestation; 4,057 floods Java/Bali 2013-2022. Precipitation extremes rising, sea level impacts coastal areas.

Sustainability Initiatives

Renewable Energy

JETP enhances ambition but short of 1.5°C pathway; targets 55-82% renewables by 2030 with international support.

Emissions Reduction

Second NDC aims 31.89% reduction by 2030 unconditional; emissions declined 0.72% YoY Feb 2025.

Wildlife & Nature

Sumatran OrangutanCritically Endangered

Javan RhinoCritically Endangered

Bornean Clouded LeopardEndangered

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Geography in Indonesia

Coastline

N/A

Highest Point

Puncak Jaya

Lowest Point

Indian Ocean

National Flag

Quick Facts for Indonesia

Population

273,523,621

Currency

IDR

Timezones

UTC+07:00 to UTC+09:00

Calling Code

+62

Week starts on

monday

Gini Coefficient

38.2 (2019)

Drives on the

left side

Location

Data Source: Safety, crime, and quality metrics are sourced from Numbeo, a crowd-sourced global database of reported data.

All scores are relative comparisons on a 0-100 scale, where 50 = global average. Higher scores mean better than average, lower scores mean worse than average.