Afghanistan features an arid continental climate dominated by mid-latitude steppe conditions (Köppen BSk), with extreme temperature variations and low precipitation across most regions. Winters are cold, especially in highlands and mountains, while summers are intensely hot in lowlands and deserts. Recent data (2020-2026) shows persistent drought, above-average temperatures, and precipitation deficits, exacerbating vulnerabilities for residents. Annual rainfall is very low, supporting limited agriculture reliant on snowmelt. Sunshine is abundant, but high summer heat, dust storms, and winter snow pose challenges for expats and locals alike.