Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Belarus
Belarus operates as a presidential republic under authoritarian rule led by President Aleksandr Lukashenka since 1994. The bicameral National Assembly holds limited power, with elections lacking genuine competition and opposition suppressed. International indices rank Belarus near the bottom for democracy, press freedom, and political stability.
Political Stability
Poor
Corruption Index
Poor
Democracy Index
Poor
Government Type
Presidential republic
Legal System
Civil law system
Head of State
President Aleksandr Lukashenka(since 1994)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Roman Golovchenko(Independent)since 2020
Political Indicators
Political Stability
Scale: -2.5 to 2.5
Very unstable
World Bank (2024)
Corruption Index
Scale: 0-100
Transparency International (2024)
Press Freedom
Scale: 0-100
Very serious
Reporters Without Borders (2025)
Democracy Index
Scale: 0-10
Authoritarian regime
Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Pro-government
Left-wing
Voting Rights
Citizens aged 18 and older have the right to vote in elections.
Recent Developments
- All-Belarusian People's Assembly held first session in 2024 with expanded powers under 2022 constitutional amendments
- Ongoing political repression following 2020 protests and 2024 parliamentary elections criticized internationally
- Constitutional reforms in 2022 strengthened role of All-Belarusian People's Assembly in governance
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