Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Brazil
Brazil remains a federal presidential republic with robust democratic institutions, though facing challenges related to political stability, corruption, and social equity. The current administration, led by President Lula, is emphasizing environmental protection and international cooperation, while domestic politics are marked by ongoing judicial processes against alleged coup plotters and debates over electoral and social reforms.
Political Stability
Moderate
Corruption Index
Below Average
Press Freedom
Moderate
Government Type
Federal presidential constitutional republic
Legal System
Civil law system based on written codes and statutes
Head of State
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva(since 2023)
Head of Government
President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva(Workers' Party (PT))since 2023
Political Indicators
Political Stability
Scale: 0-1
Partly Free
Freedom House (2025)
Corruption Index
Scale: 0-100
Transparency International (2024)
Press Freedom
Scale: 0-100
Partly Free
Freedom House (2025)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Center-left
Right
Center
Center-right
Voting Rights
Only Brazilian citizens have the right to vote in national elections. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70 and optional for those aged 16-17 and over 70. Foreign residents do not have voting rights in national elections.
Recent Developments
- Brazil assumed the BRICS presidency in 2025, focusing on sustainable development and cooperation among Global South nations
- Congress considered a bill to grant amnesty to those involved in the January 8, 2023, attacks on federal buildings in Brasília
- Police accused former President Jair Bolsonaro and others of plotting a coup; several military and police officers were detained
- The government implemented measures to reduce Amazon deforestation but also planned significant investments in fossil fuels
- Congress eliminated a requirement for equal public electoral funding for Black and non-Black candidates, amid controversy over racial equity in politics
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