Brazil flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Brazil

Brazil remains a federal presidential republic with robust democratic institutions, though facing challenges related to political stability, corruption, and social equity. The current administration, led by President Lula, is emphasizing environmental protection and international cooperation, while domestic politics are marked by ongoing judicial processes against alleged coup plotters and debates over electoral and social reforms.

Political Stability

Moderate

Corruption Index

Below Average

Press Freedom

Moderate

Government Type

Federal presidential constitutional republic

Legal System

Civil law system based on written codes and statutes

Head of State

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva(since 2023)

Head of Government

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva(Workers' Party (PT))since 2023

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.72

Scale: 0-1

Partly Free

Freedom House (2025)

Corruption Index
38

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
65

Scale: 0-100

Partly Free

Freedom House (2025)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Federal Senate (81 seats)
Lower House:Chamber of Deputies (513 seats)

Major Political Parties

Workers' Party(PT)

Center-left

Liberal Party(PL)

Right

Brazilian Democratic Movement(MDB)

Center

Brazil Union(UNIÃO)

Center-right

Voting Rights

Only Brazilian citizens have the right to vote in national elections. Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70 and optional for those aged 16-17 and over 70. Foreign residents do not have voting rights in national elections.

Recent Developments

  • Brazil assumed the BRICS presidency in 2025, focusing on sustainable development and cooperation among Global South nations
  • Congress considered a bill to grant amnesty to those involved in the January 8, 2023, attacks on federal buildings in Brasília
  • Police accused former President Jair Bolsonaro and others of plotting a coup; several military and police officers were detained
  • The government implemented measures to reduce Amazon deforestation but also planned significant investments in fossil fuels
  • Congress eliminated a requirement for equal public electoral funding for Black and non-Black candidates, amid controversy over racial equity in politics
Voting Age16
SuffrageUniversal and compulsory for citizens aged 18 to 70; optional for those aged 16-17 and over 70
Constitution1988
Federative units27