Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Bulgaria
Bulgaria faces ongoing political instability with its seventh government in four years formed in January 2025 under Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov of GERB, following snap elections. The country adopted the euro in 2026 without a budget amid crisis, and the government resigned by December 2025, triggering new elections. President Rumen Radev remains head of state in the parliamentary republic.
Government Type
Parliamentary Republic
Legal System
Civil law system
Head of State
President Rumen Radev(since 2017)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov(GERB)since 2025
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Center-right
Center-left
Far-right
Left-wing
Voting Rights
Bulgarian citizens have full voting rights. EU citizens can vote in European Parliament and local elections.
Recent Developments
- New coalition government formed on January 16, 2025, led by GERB's Rosen Zhelyazkov after October 2024 elections
- Bulgaria adopted the euro on January 1, 2026, amid political crisis and lack of budget
- Zhelyazkov government resigned on December 11, 2025, leading to scheduled 2026 elections
- Constitutional amendments in December 2024 limited presidential powers in forming caretaker governments
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