Mandatory defined-benefit PAYG system managed by INSS with employer (6%) and employee (4%) contributions. Retirement age 60, requires 15 years coverage; replacement rate starts at 30% plus 2% per additional year, max 80% of average earnings, last adjusted 2010.

Pensions replace up to 80% for long contributors but average lower due to low wages and informal economy; minimum 60% of national minimum wage. Supplementary employer plans rare, high elderly poverty prevalent.

Limited public healthcare system with basic facilities; mandatory medical coverage exists but quality low, access poor outside urban areas. Private care expensive and scarce for expats; out-of-pocket costs high.