Comoros flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Comoros

Comoros is a federal presidential republic where President Azali Assoumani serves as both head of state and government. The country has experienced significant democratic backsliding, with the 2018 constitutional referendum eliminating the rotating presidency and recent elections marked by fraud allegations and opposition boycotts. Recent developments include the controversial expansion of powers granted to the president's son in 2024, raising concerns about democratic governance and potential dynastic succession.

Democracy Index

Below Average

Government Type

Federal Presidential Republic

Legal System

Mixed legal system based on Islamic law, French civil law, and customary law

Head of State

President Azali Assoumani(since 2016)

Head of Government

President Azali Assoumanisince 2016

Political Indicators

Democracy Index
4.5

Scale: 0-10

Hybrid Regime

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:unicameral
Lower House:Assembly of the Union (33 seats)

Major Political Parties

Convention pour Comoros(CPC)

Ruling party

28 seats

Voting Rights

All citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in presidential and legislative elections. The Assembly of the Union has 33 members: 24 elected by absolute majority in single-seat constituencies and 9 representatives elected by the three Island Assemblies.

Recent Developments

  • In January 2025, the ruling party won parliamentary elections with 28 out of 33 seats, though opposition parties rejected the results
  • In August 2024, President Azali Assoumani granted his son Nour El Fath Azali sweeping powers as secretary general of government, raising concerns about dynastic control and erosion of democratic checks and balances
  • In January 2024, President Azali Assoumani was re-elected with 62.97% of votes in a disputed presidential election
  • A 2018 constitutional referendum abolished the rotating presidency system that had been in place since 2001, allowing President Assoumani to consolidate power
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal adult suffrage
Constitution2001
Islands with autonomous governments3