Dominican Republic flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy with a bicameral legislature and a president serving as both head of state and head of government. Luis Abinader of the Modern Revolutionary Party was re-elected in May 2024 with commanding support, maintaining his party's control of Congress. The country has demonstrated democratic improvements in recent years, though challenges remain in judicial independence and executive dominance.

Democracy Index

Good

Government Type

Representative democracy

Legal System

Civil law system based on the Napoleonic code

Head of State

President Luis Abinader(since 2024)

Head of Government

President Luis Abinader(Modern Revolutionary Party)since 2024

Political Indicators

Democracy Index
7.5

Scale: 0-10

Flawed Democracy

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Senate (32 seats)
Lower House:Chamber of Deputies (190 seats)

Major Political Parties

Modern Revolutionary Party(PRM)

Center-right

120 seats
Dominican Liberation Party(PLD)

Center-left

51 seats
Social Christian Reformist Party(PRSC)

Center-right

8 seats

Voting Rights

Dominican citizens aged 18 and older have the right to vote. Dominicans living abroad can participate in elections. By law, one-third of deputies in the lower house must be women.

Recent Developments

  • Luis Abinader won a second presidential term in May 2024 with over 60 percent support
  • Modern Revolutionary Party won 120 of 158 mayorships in February 2024 municipal elections
  • President Abinader has pledged to ensure government respect for the autonomy of other branches including the judiciary and legislature
  • Dominican Republic made significant democratic gains according to the 2024 Democracy Index from the Economist Intelligence Unit
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1966
Provinces31