Eritrea is a single-party presidential republic under the totalitarian rule of President Isaias Afwerki and the PFDJ since independence in 1993. No national elections have been held since 1993, the constitution ratified in 1997 remains unimplemented, and the National Assembly has not met since 2002. The regime maintains strict control over all aspects of society, with severe restrictions on freedoms, ongoing human rights abuses, and no legal opposition parties.