Politics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Macao (China)

Macao is a Special Administrative Region of China operating under the 'One Country, Two Systems' principle with a limited democracy system. The sixth-term government led by Chief Executive Sam Hou Fai, inaugurated in December 2024, emphasizes national security, economic diversification, and implementation of central government directives while maintaining high autonomy in local affairs.

Political Stability

Moderate

Government Type

Limited Democracy (Special Administrative Region)

Legal System

Civil law system based on Portuguese colonial heritage, with high degree of autonomy under 'One Country, Two Systems' principle

Head of State

President of China Xi Jinping(since 2013)

Head of Government

Chief Executive Sam Hou Faisince 2024

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.72

Scale: 0-1

Moderately Stable

World Bank Political Stability Index (2024)

Legislature

Name:Legislative Assembly
Type:unicameral

Voting Rights

Permanent residents of Macau who are Chinese citizens aged 18 and above have voting rights. Directly elected Legislative Assembly members are chosen through proportional representation. Indirectly elected members are selected from limited electorates representing economic sectors and special interest groups.

Recent Developments

  • Sam Hou Fai inaugurated as sixth-term Chief Executive on December 20, 2024, with emphasis on 'One Country, Two Systems' implementation
  • Implementation of amended national security law in 2024 with focus on safeguarding national sovereignty and security
  • Launch of Development Plan for Appropriate Economic Diversification (2024-2028) to reduce gaming sector dependence
  • Establishment of 'two lines' customs system with Hengqin Island cooperation zone as of March 2024
  • Strengthening of legal and administrative systems to support governance and national security objectives
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal adult suffrage for permanent residents
Constitution1993
Special Administrative Region