Mali confronts acute environmental degradation with desertification threatening 70% of its land, deforestation consuming 6 million tons of wood yearly (4,000 km² loss), and chronic droughts exacerbated by 0.7°C warming since 1960. Only 54% have safe drinking water access while forest cover stands at 10.2%, down 11.2% since 1990. Climate change doubles drought frequency while floods cost millions annually. Government efforts via National Climate Policy and Great Green Wall lag behind escalating pressures.