Mandatory contributory system managed by CNSS with employer and employee contributions funding old-age pensions, disability, and death benefits. Defined benefit plan based on earnings history and contribution length; limited coverage in informal sector.

Pensions provide basic income replacement for formal sector workers but inadequate for most due to low wages, informal employment prevalence, and lack of supplementary plans. Personal savings essential to avoid poverty.

Limited public healthcare system with basic facilities; CNSS provides coverage for contributors including family allowances, but quality is low and access challenging in rural areas. Private care expensive and unavailable outside cities.