Papua New Guinea flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea operates as a constitutional monarchy within the Westminster parliamentary system, with a 118-seat unicameral National Parliament. No single party has ever won a majority, requiring coalition governments to form. The current Prime Minister James Marape has been in office since May 2019 and is exploring constitutional reforms to strengthen executive governance.

Government Type

Constitutional Monarchy

Legal System

Westminster system based on British and Australian common law with constitutional framework adopted in 1975

Head of State

King Charles III(since 2022)

Head of Government

Prime Minister James Marape(Pangu Pati)since 2019

Legislature

Type:unicameral
Lower House:National Parliament (118 seats)

Major Political Parties

Pangu Pati()
42 seats
United Party()
seats

Voting Rights

All citizens over 18 years of age may vote. Voting is not compulsory.

Recent Developments

  • Prime Minister James Marape has promoted constitutional reform including exploration of a directly elected prime minister system
  • Ongoing discussions about potential shift from Westminster unicameral system to alternative parliamentary structures
  • Constitutional and Law Reform Commission exploring presidential system alternatives
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1975
Federal structure22