Samoa flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Samoa

Samoa is a unitary parliamentary democracy with a unicameral legislature of 51 members serving five-year terms. The current Prime Minister is La'auli Leuatea Schmidt, with Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aleto'a Sualauvi II serving as Head of State. The FAST party has governed since 2021, ending nearly four decades of HRPP rule following a constitutional crisis resolved by the Supreme Court.

Political Stability

Good

Government Type

Parliamentary democracy

Legal System

Mixed legal system based on English common law and Samoan customary law

Head of State

Head of State Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aleto'a Sualauvi II(since 2017)

Head of Government

Prime Minister La'auli Leuatea Schmidt(FAST)since 2025

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.85

Scale: 0-1

Stable

Political Stability Index (2024)

Legislature

Type:unicameral
Lower House:Fono (Legislative Assembly) (51 seats)

Major Political Parties

Faatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi(FAST)

Center

26 seats
Human Rights Protection Party(HRPP)

Center-right

25 seats

Voting Rights

Samoan citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote. Forty-nine MPs are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts; two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. At least ten percent of MPs must be women.

Recent Developments

  • La'auli Leuatea Schmidt became Prime Minister in 2025, succeeding Fiamē Naomi Mata'afa
  • FAST party continues governance following historic 2021 election victory that ended 40 years of HRPP rule
  • Next general election scheduled for 2026
  • IMF mission in November 2024 noted strong economic growth rebound and focus on structural reforms to boost medium-term growth
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal adult suffrage
Constitution1960
Political districts (itūmālō)11