Emerging defined benefit (DB) pension system for civil servants under development, featuring gratuities and limited monthly pensions after 10-year vesting. No universal coverage or reliable PAYG system; primarily lump-sum gratuities with actuarial reductions for early retirement.

Pensions inadequate for most due to lack of universal coverage and low benefits; gratuities of 1 month per year service, reduced for early access. High poverty risk for non-civil servants with no supplementary options.

Very limited public healthcare system with poor infrastructure and access, especially outside urban areas. Private care scarce and expensive; expats rely on medical evacuation or personal insurance.