Politics & Government Guide · TurkeyPolitics & Government Guide in Turkey
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions
Turkey operates as a centralized presidential republic under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the AKP since 2018, with a unicameral legislature dominated by the ruling coalition. The 2024 local elections marked a significant opposition gain led by CHP, while efforts for a new constitution continue amid concerns over democratic backsliding and institutional centralization.
Political Stability
Poor
Corruption Index
Below Average
Democracy Index
Below Average
Government Type
Presidential republic
Legal System
Civil law system
Head of State
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan(since 2018)
Head of Government
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan(Justice and Development Party)since 2018
Political Indicators
Political Stability
Scale: -2.5 to 2.5
Low stability
World Bank (2024)
Corruption Index
Scale: 0-100
Transparency International (2024)
Press Freedom
Scale: 0-100
Reporters Without Borders (2024)
Democracy Index
Scale: 0-10
Hybrid regime
Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Conservative, right-wing
Social democratic, center-left
Pro-Kurdish, left-wing
Nationalist, right-wing
Voting Rights
Citizens aged 18 and over have full voting rights in national, local, and referenda elections.
Recent Developments
- Opposition CHP won landslide victory in March 2024 local elections, controlling major cities like Istanbul and Ankara
- Constitutional commission established in 2024 to draft new 'nation-state constitution' amid discussions led by President Erdoğan
- MIT intelligence agency budget surged 37% in 2026, expanding powers under Erdoğan's governance model
More Insights for your Move to Turkey
Comprehensive guides and data-driven analysis.
Budget & Expenses
Is your lifestyle affordable? From grocery prices to utility bills, see how costs compare to your home.
Read guideHealthcare
Navigate the healthcare system, insurance options, and medical access as an expat or digital nomad.
Read guideEconomy
Explore the economic landscape, job market trends, income levels, and financial outlook for expats.
Read guide