Argentina flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Argentina

Argentina is a federal presidential republic led by President Javier Milei since December 2023, representing the far-right libertarian La Libertad Avanza coalition. Milei's administration has pursued an aggressive economic stabilization program including the Ley Bases reform law, though his party holds only a minority in the bicameral Congress, requiring coalition-building with other parties. The October 2025 midterm elections significantly strengthened Milei's political position, though tensions persist with provincial governors and Congress over executive power and budget authority.

Democracy Index

Good

Government Type

Federal Presidential Republic

Legal System

Civil law system based on the 1853 Constitution with subsequent amendments

Head of State

President Javier Milei(since 2023)

Head of Government

President Javier Milei(La Libertad Avanza)since 2023

Political Indicators

Democracy Index
8.07

Scale: 0-10

Full Democracy

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Senate (72 seats)
Lower House:Chamber of Deputies (257 seats)

Major Political Parties

La Libertad Avanza(LLA)

Far-right libertarian

Union for the Homeland(UP)

Center-left Peronist

Republican Proposal(PRO)

Center-right to far-right

Radical Civic Union(UCR)

Centrist liberal

Voting Rights

Argentine citizens aged 18 and older have the right to vote. Voting is mandatory for citizens. Deputies serve 4-year terms while Senators serve 6-year terms.

Recent Developments

  • La Libertad Avanza won a landslide victory in October 2025 midterm elections, strengthening Milei's position for radical economic reforms
  • Congress passed the Ley Bases in June 2024, a sweeping economic reform law authorizing privatization of government entities, deregulation, and labor market flexibility
  • Congress approved legislation in October 2025 to restrict presidential decrees of necessity and urgency (DNU), limiting Milei's executive power
  • Milei's refusal to submit the 2025 budget to Congress sparked backlash from provincial governors over spending control and local funding demands
  • Argentina's economy faced 143 percent annual inflation at Milei's December 2023 inauguration, with four of ten Argentines in poverty
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1853
Provinces23