Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Bhutan
Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy that transitioned to democracy in 2008, combining traditional monarchical governance with democratic institutions. The People's Democratic Party, led by Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay, currently governs following the January 2024 elections. The bicameral parliament and independent judiciary operate within a constitutional framework guided by Gross National Happiness principles.
Government Type
Constitutional Monarchy
Legal System
Based on Buddhist philosophy and constitutional law, with civil and criminal codes
Head of State
King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck(since 2006)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay(People's Democratic Party)since 2024
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Center
Center
Voting Rights
All Bhutanese citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in national and local elections. Voting is conducted through universal suffrage with elections held every five years.
Recent Developments
- PDP won January 2024 general elections with 30 of 47 National Assembly seats, ending incumbent Druk Phuensum Tshogpa's tenure
- Tshering Tobgay sworn in for second term as Prime Minister on January 28, 2024
- Only two women elected to National Assembly in 2024, down from seven in 2018
- Primary elections held November 30, 2023 eliminated three of five competing parties, advancing only PDP and BTP to general election
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