Botswana operates a mixed system with mandatory occupational pension funds (defined benefit and defined contribution) and a non-means-tested public old-age pension. The public pension provides BWP 430/month to citizens over 65, supplemented by employer-sponsored plans with typical retirement age of 60.

Pension adequacy varies significantly based on occupational plan participation and contribution history. The flat-rate public pension of BWP 430/month is modest, making supplementary private savings essential for comfortable retirement. Experts recommend saving 15-20% of income throughout working life.

Botswana has a mixed public-private healthcare system with government facilities available to citizens and residents. Quality varies between urban and rural areas, and expat retirees typically access private healthcare options at moderate costs.