Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Cuba
Cuba is a unitary single-party socialist republic led by President Miguel Díaz-Canel since 2019, with Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz heading the Council of Ministers. The National Assembly of People's Power serves as the legislative authority, meeting twice annually with 474 members. The government is implementing a recovery program through 2026 focused on economic reform, energy stabilization, and renewable infrastructure while maintaining strict state control over the economy amid U.S. sanctions and recent natural disasters.
Press Freedom
Poor
Government Type
Unitary single-party Marxist-Leninist socialist republic with semi-presidential powers
Legal System
Socialist legal system based on Marxist-Leninist principles with constitutional framework
Head of State
President Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez(since 2019)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz(Communist Party of Cuba)since 2019
Political Indicators
Press Freedom
Scale: 0-100
Not Free
Reporters Without Borders (2024)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Marxist-Leninist
Voting Rights
Cuban citizens aged 16 and older have the right to vote. The National Assembly of People's Power has 474 members elected by absolute majority vote from slated candidates approved by the government.
Recent Developments
- Government Programme launched in November 2024 to steer economic recovery through 2026, with focus on energy stabilization and renewable infrastructure expansion
- 10th Plenary Session of the Central Committee in 2025 evaluated progress on economic recovery and emphasized collective effort and socialist planning
- Prime Minister announced restructuring of provincial administration in 2026 with Vice Prime Ministers assigned to each province to strengthen municipal work and leverage territorial development potential
- Constitutional changes in 2019 acknowledged market mechanisms' role within socialist framework to address economic challenges and international relations
- Tourism industry recorded its worst year in decades in 2025, highlighting ongoing economic challenges
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