Expanding bus network with 2,100+ buses serving 294 destinations and 85% population coverage. Urban transport services operational in major cities (Massawa, Assab, Keren, Barentu, Mendefera, Teseney). Harat Transport Company provides nationwide service including remote mountainous areas. Limited rail service with narrow-gauge line partially operational between Massawa and Asmara. Growing coverage but service frequency and reliability vary by region.

Comprehensive 14,560 km road network with all regions covered by asphalted roads. Primary highways (P-1, P-2, P-3) fully asphalt-paved connecting major towns. Secondary roads connect district capitals; tertiary roads serve local interests but become impassable during wet seasons. Significant improvement from pre-independence conditions (Asmara-Massawa journey reduced from 7+ hours to 2.5 hours). Ongoing maintenance and expansion projects continue.

Limited internet infrastructure with mobile phone coverage expanding nationwide. WiFi infrastructure established and ready for deployment. Internet speeds and fiber availability remain underdeveloped compared to global standards. Rural areas lag significantly behind urban centers. Mobile data represents primary internet access method for most users.

WiFi infrastructure in place but limited fiber deployment; primarily urban-focused

Seven main airports with increased capacity for local and international flights through cooperation with airline corporations. Three major airports (large/medium category) provide primary connectivity. Limited international route network compared to regional hubs. Domestic flight coverage connects major cities and regions. Airport infrastructure improvements ongoing but international connectivity remains moderate.