Germany flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Germany

Germany is currently governed by a grand coalition led by Chancellor Friedrich Merz of the CDU, following the February 2025 federal election. The new government focuses on economic stability, industrial competitiveness, digital transformation, and a more assertive foreign and European policy, supported by a major €500bn special fund for infrastructure and energy transition.

Political Stability

Good

Corruption Index

Good

Democracy Index

Good

Government Type

Federal parliamentary republic

Legal System

Civil law system

Head of State

Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier(since 2017)

Head of Government

Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz(CDU)since 2025

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.92Rank #12

Scale: 0-1

Very Stable

World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (2024)

Corruption Index
78Rank #10

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
21.6Rank #13

Scale: 0-100

Reporters Without Borders (2024)

Democracy Index
8.62Rank #11

Scale: 0-10

Full Democracy

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Bundesrat (69 seats)
Lower House:Bundestag (630 seats)

Major Political Parties

Christian Democratic Union(CDU)

Center-right

179 seats
Social Democratic Party of Germany(SPD)

Center-left

159 seats
Alliance 90/The Greens(Grüne)

Center-left

118 seats
Alternative for Germany(AfD)

Right-wing populist

102 seats
Free Democratic Party(FDP)

Liberal

72 seats

Voting Rights

German citizens aged 18 and over have the right to vote in federal and state elections. EU citizens can vote in local and European elections in Germany. Non-EU residents may have limited local voting rights depending on state regulations.

Recent Developments

  • Snap federal election held on 23 February 2025, resulting in a CDU/CSU-led government.
  • Formation of a grand coalition between CDU/CSU and SPD after the 2025 federal election.
  • New government under Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced a €500bn special fund for infrastructure, energy transition and digitisation.
  • Coalition agreement prioritizes economic stability, industrial competitiveness, and a more assertive foreign policy.
  • Plans to centralize European policy coordination in the Federal Chancellery to strengthen Germany's role in EU decision-making.
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1949
Federal States16