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Politics & Government Guide in Germany

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions

Germany's current government is a 'black-red' coalition of CDU/CSU and SPD led by Chancellor Friedrich Merz since May 6, 2025, following snap elections in February 2025. The coalition focuses on industrial competitiveness, increased defense and infrastructure spending via loosened borrowing limits, and stricter migration controls amid global security shifts. This marks a return to center-right leadership with cross-party compromises on key economic and foreign policy issues.

Political Stability

Good

Corruption Index

Good

Democracy Index

Good

Government Type

Federal parliamentary republic

Legal System

Civil law system

Head of State

President Frank-Walter Steinmeier(since 2017)

Head of Government

Chancellor Friedrich Merz(Christian Democratic Union)since 2025

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.82Rank #15

Scale: 0-1

Stable

World Bank (2024)

Corruption Index
78Rank #9

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
89.5Rank #10

Scale: 0-100

Reporters Without Borders (2024)

Democracy Index
8.73Rank #14

Scale: 0-10

Full Democracy

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Bundesrat (69 seats)
Lower House:Bundestag (736 seats)

Major Political Parties

Christian Democratic Union(CDU)

Center-right

208 seats
Social Democratic Party(SPD)

Center-left

206 seats
Christian Social Union(CSU)

Center-right

44 seats
Alliance 90/The Greens(Grüne)

Green

116 seats
Alternative for Germany(AfD)

Far-right

78 seats

Voting Rights

German citizens have full voting rights. EU citizens can vote in local and European Parliament elections.

Recent Developments

  • Snap federal election held on 2025-02-23 following collapse of Scholz government
  • CDU/CSU-SPD coalition agreement signed on 2025-05-05
  • Friedrich Merz elected Chancellor and new government sworn in on 2025-05-06
  • €500 billion special fund established for infrastructure, energy transition, and digitization
  • Stricter migration policies agreed, including turning back undocumented asylum seekers
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1949
Federal states16