Politics & Government Guide
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Iran
Iran's Islamic Republic is led by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as head of state, with President Masoud Pezeshkian as head of government since 2024. The system blends theocratic oversight with limited elections vetted by the Guardian Council, facing domestic unrest and regional setbacks in 2025 while preparing for risks in 2026.
Democracy Index
Poor
Government Type
Islamic Republic
Legal System
Theocratic system based on Islamic law with civil law elements
Head of State
Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei(since 1989)
Head of Government
President Masoud Pezeshkian(Reformist)since 2024
Political Indicators
Democracy Index
Scale: 0-10
Authoritarian
Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Hard-line conservative
Moderate reformist
Voting Rights
Citizens over 18 can vote in presidential, parliamentary, and Assembly of Experts elections if approved by the Guardian Council
Recent Developments
- Presidential election in July 2024 resulted in Masoud Pezeshkian's victory
- Assembly of Experts election on March 1, 2024, formed the Sixth Assembly
- Direct confrontations with Israel in 2025 weakened regional proxies but regime survived
- Domestic protests and pressures increased amid economic challenges in 2025
More Insights for your Move to Iran
Comprehensive guides and data-driven analysis.
Budget & Expenses
Is your lifestyle affordable? From grocery prices to utility bills, see how costs compare to your home.
Read guideVisas & Residency
Don't get lost in bureaucracy. Understand fast-track investment paths and the residency process for expats.
Read guideCareer & Economy
Looking for a job or starting a company? Discover the local labor market and business opportunities.
Read guide