Politics & Government Guide in Libya

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions

Libya remains politically divided between the UN-recognized Government of National Unity in Tripoli, led by Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, and the eastern Government of National Stability backed by the House of Representatives and Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army. No elections have been held since 2014, perpetuating the transitional government amid militia control and institutional fragmentation. The UN continues efforts to mediate a political solution as of 2025.

Government Type

Transitional Unity Government

Legal System

Mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic law

Head of State

Chairman of the Presidential Council Mohammed Al Menfi(since 2021)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh(Independent)since 2021

Legislature

Type:unicameral

Upper House:House of Representatives (200 seats)

Major Political Parties

National Front(NF)

Center-left

Taghyeer(Taghyeer)

Centrist

Libya Development Party(LDP)

Center-right

Voting Rights

Libyan citizens aged 18 and over have the right to vote in national elections

Recent Developments

UN Security Council extended UNSMIL mandate until October 2025 in resolution 2755 (October 2024)
Ongoing political impasse between Tripoli-based GNU and eastern Government of National Stability
Continued rivalry between GNU led by Dbeibeh and GNS backed by House of Representatives and LNA

Voting Age18

SuffrageUniversal

Constitution2011

Governorates22