Politics & Government Guide · MaldivesPolitics & Government Guide in Maldives
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions
The Maldives operates as a presidential republic under President Mohamed Muizzu, whose administration has consolidated executive power while managing economic constraints. The ruling People's National Congress has become the dominant political force, winning 66 of 93 parliamentary seats in the 2024 elections. The country has undergone significant governance changes in 2025, including judicial reforms and policy shifts on security and public health, though concerns remain about institutional independence and democratic balance.
Democracy Index
Moderate
Government Type
Presidential Republic
Legal System
Islamic law and civil law system based on the 2008 Constitution
Head of State
President Mohamed Muizzu(since 2023)
Head of Government
President Mohamed Muizzu(People's National Congress)since 2023
Political Indicators
Press Freedom
Scale: 0-100
Reporters Without Borders (2024)
Democracy Index
Scale: 0-10
Hybrid Regime
Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Center-right
Center-left
Voting Rights
All citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in presidential and parliamentary elections. Presidential elections use a two-round absolute majority voting system. Parliamentary elections use plurality voting in single-member constituencies.
Recent Developments
- PNC became the largest political party by membership in 2025, surpassing MDP after many years
- Introduction of death penalty for drug smugglers in 2025
- Generational smoking ban implemented for those born after January 1, 2007, and vape import ban in 2025
- Judicial reforms in 2025 including retirement of Chief Justice Ahmed Mu'thasim Adnan and appointment of Justice Abdul Ghanee Mohamed as successor
- Referendum held in 2025 on Addu City Council constitution resulting in administrative restructuring
- Local council and WDC elections scheduled for April 2026
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