Puerto Rico flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico operates as a US territory with a locally elected governor and bicameral legislature, while ultimate authority rests with the US Congress. Current political focus includes debates on statehood versus independence, highlighted by the 2024 status plebiscite. The New Progressive Party leads the executive amid partisan balance in the legislature.

Government Type

Democratic republic with three branches of government

Legal System

Civil law system based on Spanish civil code and influenced by US common law

Head of State

President of the United States Joe Biden(since 2021)

Head of Government

Governor Pedro Pierluisi(New Progressive Party)since 2021

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Senate (27 seats)
Lower House:House of Representatives (51 seats)

Major Political Parties

Popular Democratic Party(PPD)

Center-left

26 seats
New Progressive Party(PNP)

Center-right

21 seats

Voting Rights

Puerto Ricans, as US citizens, vote in local elections for governor and legislature, US presidential primaries, and local referenda but cannot vote in US presidential general elections or for voting members of US Congress

Recent Developments

  • Non-binding plebiscite on political status held on November 5, 2024, offering options of statehood, independence, and free association
  • Ongoing debates in US Congress regarding Puerto Rico's political status
  • New Progressive Party holds governorship under Governor Pedro Pierluisi
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal for US citizens
Constitution1952
Municipalities78