Romania flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Romania

Romania is a semi-presidential republic with a complex political landscape, facing challenges of democratic consolidation and EU integration. The current government led by Marcel Ciolacu is working on economic reforms and addressing systemic issues.

Political Stability

Moderate

Corruption Index

Below Average

Democracy Index

Moderate

Government Type

Semi-presidential republic

Legal System

Civil law system with significant constitutional court influence

Head of State

President Klaus Iohannis(since 2014)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu(Social Democratic Party)since 2023

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.62Rank #98

Scale: 0-1

Moderate Instability

World Bank Political Stability Index (2024)

Corruption Index
41Rank #75

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
55.2Rank #56

Scale: 0-100

Reporters Without Borders (2024)

Democracy Index
6.39Rank #65

Scale: 0-10

Flawed Democracy

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Senate (136 seats)
Lower House:Chamber of Deputies (329 seats)

Major Political Parties

Social Democratic Party(PSD)

Center-left

157 seats
National Liberal Party(PNL)

Center-right

118 seats
Save Romania Union(USR)

Liberal

34 seats

Voting Rights

Romanian citizens 18 and older can vote. EU citizens can vote in local and European Parliament elections.

Recent Developments

  • Continued efforts to combat corruption
  • Increased focus on EU integration and reforms
  • Economic recovery and modernization initiatives
  • Ongoing judicial system reforms
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal and direct
Constitution1991
Counties41