Politics & Government Guide in Russia

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions

Russia remains a consolidated autocracy under President Vladimir Putin, who dominates decision-making with no accountability to other branches. The 2024 presidential election delivered an overwhelming victory amid a managed opposition and crackdown on dissent. United Russia maintains firm control over the political landscape, supporting all major policies including the war in Ukraine.

Government Type

Federal semi-presidential republic

Legal System

Civil law system

Head of State

President Vladimir Putin(since 2012)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin(Independent)since 2020

Legislature

Type:bicameral

Upper House:Federation Council (170 seats)

Lower House:State Duma (450 seats)

Major Political Parties

United Russia(UR)

Big tent

325 seats

Communist Party of the Russian Federation(CPRF)

Left-wing

57 seats

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia(LDPR)

Right-wing

23 seats

Voting Rights

Citizens aged 18 and older. Online voting introduced in select regions for recent elections.

Recent Developments

Government cabinet reshuffle in May 2024 following Putin's inauguration, with new ministers in agriculture, energy, and transportation
Vladimir Putin re-elected president in March 2024 with 88% of the vote amid intensified suppression of dissent
Mikhail Mishustin reappointed Prime Minister for second term in May 2024

Voting Age18

SuffrageUniversal

Constitution1993

Federal subjects89