Politics & Government Guide in Syria

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions

Syria is in a five-year transitional period following the ouster of Bashar al-Assad in December 2024, led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa of former HTS affiliation. A strong presidential system governs via a March 2025 Constitutional Declaration, with indirect elections held in October 2025 and power centralized amid Islamist influences. Challenges include consolidating control, minority inclusion, and preparing for 2030 elections.

Government Type

Unitary presidential transitional system

Legal System

Civil law system under transitional constitutional declaration with Islamic influences

Head of State

President Ahmed al-Sharaa(since 2025)

Head of Government

Interim Prime Minister Mohammed al-Bashir(Independent)since 2024

Legislature

Type:unicameral

Lower House:People’s Assembly (210 seats)

Voting Rights

Citizens aged 18 and over eligible to vote in elections

Recent Developments

Fall of Bashar al-Assad in December 2024 leading to HTS-led transition
Constitutional Declaration signed on 13 March 2025 establishing five-year transitional period
Transitional government formed on 29 March 2025 under President al-Sharaa
Indirect parliamentary elections held on 5 October 2025 filling 119 of 210 seats
National Commission for Transitional Justice and Missing Persons established in May 2025

Voting Age18

SuffrageUniversal for citizens

Constitution2025

Governorates14