Medio ambiente y salud · SyriaMedio ambiente y salud en Syria
Calidad del aire, zonas verdes y políticas de sostenibilidad
Luftqualitätsindex
Air pollution increased significantly during Syria's civil conflict despite energy sector collapse. Oil fires have contaminated agricultural and grazing lands, creating severe air quality degradation. Current monitoring capacity is severely limited due to infrastructure damage and lack of state capacity for environmental enforcement.
Wasserqualität
Syria's water resources are in critical condition. Two-thirds of water facilities suffered extensive damage during the civil war, compounded by climate-driven drought and upstream water retention by Turkey and Iraq. The Euphrates River flows have declined to approximately half of historic levels. Cumulative water loss through 2022 totaled 2.2 billion cubic meters, equivalent to covering 7,000 square kilometers in one foot of water. Water shortages have triggered disease outbreaks including cholera.
Recyclingsystem
No functional recycling infrastructure exists in Syria. State capacity for waste management has collapsed due to conflict and economic crisis. Environmental management is deprioritized in favor of immediate humanitarian concerns.
Grünflächen
Syria's forest cover has been devastated by conflict, drought, and catastrophic wildfires. In June-July 2025, environmental fires swept coastal areas, destroying over 14,000 hectares of forests and agricultural land—more than 4% of the country's total forest cover. The fires threatened the Farnlaq Reserve, Syria's last remaining dense coastal forest. Thirty-four major environmental sites were damaged across Latakia and Tartous governorates.
Umweltpolitik
Syria's environmental governance is severely weakened by conflict and state capacity limitations. The government faces critical challenges in addressing climate and ecological threats while prioritizing immediate humanitarian crises. International environmental obligations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Paris Climate Agreement remain largely unimplemented due to institutional collapse.
- •UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (signatory)
- •Paris Climate Agreement (signatory)
Naturkatastrophenrisiko
HIGHSyria faces multiple interconnected natural disaster risks amplified by climate change and conflict-related infrastructure damage. Catastrophic wildfires swept coastal areas in June-July 2025, destroying 14,000+ hectares. Intense winter storms trigger flash floods in river valleys and wadis, inundating crops and contaminating water sources. Prolonged drought and declining precipitation have created severe agricultural vulnerability.
Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen
Transboundary water governance with Turkey and Iraq is critical for Syria's agricultural resilience, particularly regarding Euphrates River management. However, upstream water retention by Turkey and Iraq has significantly reduced flows. Current initiatives are severely limited by conflict-related infrastructure damage and lack of state capacity. Two-thirds of water facilities require reconstruction.
Syria's agricultural sector faces critical challenges with 74% of cultivated land (2.78 million hectares) dependent on rainfall and only 26% under irrigation. Farmers are adapting to damaged irrigation systems and reduced river flows by shifting to rainfed agriculture. Production costs have surged with fertilizer prices tripling and fuel subsidy cuts, forcing farmers to reduce planted areas and contributing to further yield reductions.
The Farnlaq Reserve represents Syria's last remaining dense coastal forest. Protection efforts are severely compromised by catastrophic wildfires (July 2025) that destroyed 14,000+ hectares across 34 major environmental sites in Latakia and Tartous governorates. Over 5,000 people were directly affected with hundreds displaced. International intervention for environmental protection remains inadequate.
Wildtiere & Natur
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