Cape Verde flagEnvironment & Sustainability Guide · Cape Verde

Environment & Sustainability Guide in Cape Verde

Air quality, green spaces, and environmental policies

Cape Verde, a small island developing state in the Atlantic, grapples with acute climate vulnerabilities including temperature rises of approximately 1°C over the past 30 years, intensifying droughts, and sea level rise averaging 3.2 mm/year. With a population of 556,000, the archipelago has limited industrial pollution leading to stable air quality, but water scarcity affects 20% of households. Renewable energy now constitutes 30% of electricity, supporting Paris Agreement commitments, while protected areas cover 22% of land to safeguard endemic species.

Air Quality Index

0510
Good
8.0/10(AQI: N/A)
Stable trend

Cape Verde's air quality is generally good due to low industrialization and vehicular emissions, with stable trends over the past 6 months. Dust from Saharan winds occasionally elevates PM10 levels, but no major pollution sources exist. Government monitoring through the National Environment Directorate shows PM2.5 averages below WHO guidelines in urban areas like Praia.

Water Quality

0510
Moderate
6.5/10

Water quality in Cape Verde is challenged by scarcity and salinity, with desalination providing 60% of supply on most islands. Groundwater contamination from agriculture and wastewater affects rural areas, but urban treatment meets basic standards. Access to safely managed drinking water is 82%, per WHO/UNICEF data.

Desalinated water is safe after treatment; bottled water recommended in rural zones due to salinity risks.

Recycling System

Recycling infrastructure is developing, focused on urban areas like Praia with programs for plastics and paper. National rate estimated at 15-20%, supported by EU-funded waste management projects. Challenges include limited collection on remote islands.

Recycling Rate: 18.0%
plasticpapermetal

Green Spaces

Protected areas cover 22% of land, including 11 natural parks and reserves safeguarding endemic flora. Forest coverage is low at 6% due to arid conditions and historic deforestation, with reforestation efforts planting 500,000 trees since 2019.

Forest Coverage: 6.0%
National Parks: 11
Key sites: Serra Malagueta Natural Park, Raso Islet Reserve protecting seabirds.

Environmental Policies

Cape Verde ratified the Paris Agreement and aims for 50% renewable energy by 2030. Key policies include the National Climate Change Policy (2021) and plastic bag ban since 2019. Biodiversity protected via 22% terrestrial coverage.

Key Policies:
  • National Climate Change Policy 2021
  • Renewable Energy Law 2018
  • Plastic Pollution Ban 2019
Renewable Energy: Target: 50% renewables by 2030, currently at 30% from wind and solar.

Natural Disaster Risk

HIGH

Cape Verde faces high risks from tropical storms, floods, droughts, and coastal erosion. Hurricane Fiona (2022) caused $100M damage; annual droughts affect agriculture.

droughtstropical stormsfloodslandslides
Climate Change Impacts: Temperatures rose 0.9°C from 1991-2020 (CRU data); drought frequency increased 20% since 2000. Extreme precipitation events up 15% in intensity. Sea levels rose 3.2 mm/year (PSMSL), threatening 10% of coastal infrastructure. Heatwaves extended by 5-7 days annually since 2010.

Sustainability Initiatives

Renewable Energy

Electrificação Rural project reached 90% renewable penetration on Sal and Boa Vista via wind farms; national goal 50% by 2030 supported by African Development Bank.

Waste Management

National Waste Management Plan 2020-2025 introduced selective collection in 5 islands, reducing landfill waste by 25%; EU partnership funds recycling centers.

Climate Adaptation

Green Climate Fund project builds resilient agriculture and desalination, protecting 50,000 people from drought impacts.

Wildlife & Nature

Cape Verde Giant SkinkCritically Endangered
Iago SparrowVulnerable
Cape Verde ShearwaterCritically Endangered