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Environment & Sustainability Guide

Air quality, green spaces, and environmental policies in Chad

Chad faces severe climate vulnerability with projected temperature increases of 1.2°C by 2030 and 4.1°C by 2100 in the Saharan zone. The country's high per capita greenhouse gas emissions (6.3 tonnes per person annually) are driven primarily by livestock farming and biomass fuel use, while climate change threatens food security through declining crop yields of 10-25% due to prolonged droughts and erratic rainfall patterns.

Air Quality Index

Moderate

5.5/10

Stable trend

Chad's air quality data is limited in public databases. The country faces air quality challenges from biomass fuel combustion, livestock farming emissions, and desert dust. Methane emissions from expanded livestock operations represent a significant air quality concern, though specific AQI measurements are not widely available through international monitoring networks.

Water Quality

Poor

4.0/10

Chad faces significant water security challenges exacerbated by climate change. The country experiences highly variable precipitation patterns, with the Sahelian zone receiving 200-800mm annually and the Sudanian zone 800-1200mm. Climate projections indicate shortened rainy seasons and increased drought frequency, threatening water availability for both human consumption and agriculture. Water quality monitoring infrastructure remains limited.

Access to safe drinking water is constrained by limited treatment infrastructure and climate-induced water scarcity. The country's water systems face contamination risks from agricultural runoff and inadequate sanitation facilities in rural areas.

Recycling System

Chad lacks comprehensive recycling infrastructure data in international databases. The country's waste management systems are primarily informal, with limited formal recycling programs. Sustainability efforts focus on reforestation and land management rather than municipal waste recycling. Recycling rates and available recycling types are not systematically tracked.

Green Spaces

Chad contains diverse ecosystems across three climate zones: the Saharan zone (47% of land area), Sahelian zone (28% of land area), and Sudanian zone (25% of land area). The country has initiated climate adaptation projects focused on reforestation and sustainable land management. Land use-related CO2 emissions have decreased by 5.19% annually over the past decade, indicating positive trends in forest conservation and carbon sequestration efforts.

Chad's protected areas include diverse ecosystems across Saharan, Sahelian, and Sudanian zones. Climate adaptation initiatives since 2020 emphasize reforestation and sustainable land management to enhance carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience.

Environmental Policies

Chad has committed to significant greenhouse gas emission reductions through its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The country aims to reduce per capita emissions from 0.736 tCO2e in 2010 to 0.334 tCO2e by 2030, representing a 50% reduction. Chad's adaptation strategy prioritizes climate information systems, seasonal rainfall forecasting, and climate risk management across all sectors.

Key Policies:

•Conditional reduction of 71% of GHG emissions by 2030 compared to reference scenario
•National Adaptation Programme of Action for Climate Change (NAPA, adopted 2009)
•Climate change information, education and communication initiatives
•Intercommunity grazing area improvements
•Seasonal rainfall forecasting and surface water flow monitoring
•Climate change adaptation policy observatory
•Climate risk management framework

Renewable Energy: Chad's NDC emphasizes sustainable energy transitions and reduced reliance on biomass fuels. The country requires 14.170 billion USD by 2030 to implement adaptation components and establish climate-resilient development.

Natural Disaster Risk

HIGH

Chad faces extreme vulnerability to climate-related natural disasters. Recent catastrophic flooding in 2024 across Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon killed over 2,000 people and displaced millions. The country experiences recurring droughts, erratic rainfall patterns, and increasingly severe weather events. Climate projections indicate intensifying disaster frequency and severity through 2100.

Prolonged droughts and water scarcityCatastrophic flooding and heavy rainfall eventsHeat waves and extreme temperature eventsShortened and erratic rainy seasonsDesertification and land degradation

Climate Change Impacts: Chad's Second National Communication projects average temperature increases of 1.2°C by 2030, 2.2°C by 2050, and 4.1°C by 2100 in the Saharan zone. Minimum average temperatures have already increased 0.5-1.7°C since 1950, while maximum annual temperatures rose 1.34°C over the same period. Climate change will cause food crop yield declines of 10-25% (millet, sorghum, maize) due to water shortage, successive droughts, high temperatures, and shortened rainy seasons. The Sahelian zone has experienced increased rainfall since the 1990s, but overall precipitation patterns remain highly variable and unpredictable. These changes threaten food security, water availability, and livelihoods across all three climate zones.

Sustainability Initiatives

Climate Adaptation and Resilience

Chad's National Adaptation Plan prioritizes five key actions: climate change information and education programs, intercommunity grazing area improvements, seasonal rainfall forecasting systems, establishment of a climate change adaptation policy observatory, and integrated climate risk management. These initiatives aim to build resilience across agriculture, water resources, and pastoral systems by 2030.

Reforestation and Land Management

Chad has implemented climate change adaptation projects since 2020 focused on reforestation and sustainable land management practices. These efforts have contributed to a 5.19% annual decrease in net CO2 emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) over the past decade, enhancing carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience.

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Chad's NDC commits to reducing per capita emissions by 50% (from 0.736 to 0.334 tCO2e) by 2030 and achieving a conditional 71% reduction of total GHG emissions by 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Implementation requires 14.170 billion USD in adaptation funding and addresses emissions from livestock farming, biomass fuel use, and fossil fuel combustion.

Wildlife & Nature

African ElephantVulnerable

West African GiraffeVulnerable

Saharan CheetahCritically Endangered

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