Chad flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Chad

Chad is governed by Interim President Mahamat Idriss Deby following a military transition that began in April 2021. In October 2025, parliament passed controversial constitutional amendments extending presidential terms to seven years and abolishing term limits, consolidating Deby's power and enabling potential lifetime rule. The country maintains a bicameral legislature dominated by the ruling Patriotic Salvation Movement, with civic space significantly constrained and opposition largely silenced.

Political Stability

Poor

Corruption Index

Below Average

Press Freedom

Moderate

Government Type

Republic

Legal System

Mixed legal system based on French civil law and customary law

Head of State

Interim President Mahamat Idriss Deby(since 2021)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Allamaye Halinasince 2024

Political Indicators

Political Stability
-2.15

Scale: -2.5 to 2.5

Unstable

World Bank Political Stability Index (2024)

Corruption Index
25Rank #165

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
72.5Rank #130

Scale: 0-100

Reporters Without Borders (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:Senate (46 seats)
Lower House:National Assembly (188 seats)

Major Political Parties

Patriotic Salvation Movement(MPS)

Center

124 seats

Voting Rights

All citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in presidential and legislative elections by direct universal suffrage

Recent Developments

  • October 2025: Constitutional amendments extended presidential terms to seven years and abolished term limits, allowing President Mahamat Idriss Deby to potentially rule for life
  • December 2024: Parliamentary elections held with MPS securing 124 of 188 seats amid opposition boycotts
  • February 2025: First-ever Senate elections held with MPS securing 43 of 46 elected seats
  • January 2025: President Mahamat Idriss Deby assumed leadership of the Patriotic Salvation Movement party
  • May 2024: Presidential elections held with Deby Itno winning 61 percent of votes; opposition challenged results citing electoral fraud
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal adult suffrage
Constitution1996
Regions23