Ethiopia flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Ethiopia

Ethiopia operates as a federal parliamentary republic led by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed since 2018, with President Taye Atske Selassie elected in 2024. The Prosperity Party dominates the bicameral legislature following the 2021 elections. The country faces challenges including armed conflicts, shrinking civic space, and preparations for 2026 elections.

Government Type

Federal parliamentary republic

Legal System

Civil law system influenced by customary and religious law

Head of State

President Taye Atske Selassie(since 2024)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed(Prosperity Party)since 2018

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:House of the Federation (153 seats)
Lower House:House of Peoples' Representatives (547 seats)

Major Political Parties

Prosperity Party(PP)

Centrist

454 seats

Voting Rights

Citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in national and regional elections.

Recent Developments

  • Suspension of five prominent human rights groups since December 2024
  • Proposed legal changes to civil society law increasing government control in 2025
  • Preparation for 2026 general elections amid ongoing conflicts and political tensions
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal
Constitution1995
Regions11