Indonesia operates as a presidential republic where the president serves as both head of state and government, elected directly by popular vote for five-year terms. Following the October 2024 elections, President Prabowo Subianto leads a broad coalition government across eight parliamentary parties in the 580-seat House of Representatives. The political system reflects Indonesia's democratic evolution since 1998, with an increasingly assertive legislature providing checks on executive power, though recent proposals suggest potential constitutional reforms toward greater parliamentary influence in local governance.