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Transportation & Infrastructure Guide in Indonesia

Public transit, airports, and getting around

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelago with 17,000+ islands and 273 million people, relies on diverse transport modes for connectivity. Roads dominate with 548,000 km, complemented by rail on Java/Sumatra, ferries, and 656 airports. Key strengths include Jakarta's commuter rail (1M+ daily passengers), Jakarta-Bandung HSR, and port expansions like Tanjung Priok. Challenges persist in rural links and traffic congestion, but government investments via PPPs and projects like new capital Nusantara aim to boost economic corridors, EV adoption, and multimodal integration for residents and visitors.
Public Transport
Moderate
Road Infrastructure
Moderate
Public Transport
5.5/10

Good urban rail in Jakarta (KRL Commuterline: 1M+ daily) and Surabaya; Jakarta-Bandung HSR operational. Extensive intercity buses connect Java, Sumatra, Bali. Limited metro systems; five unconnected rail networks. Basic integration, accessibility improving in cities.

Road Infrastructure
5.8/10

548,000 km roads (283,000 km paved); toll roads expanding. Java has better highways; rural/Sumatra/Kalimantan vary. Car-dominant with congestion in Jakarta. Ongoing maintenance and new corridors via PPPs, but quality gaps in outer islands.

Internet Speed
6.2/10

Average fixed broadband ~45 Mbps (2026); mobile ~25 Mbps. Fiber expanding in Java cities like Jakarta (100+ Mbps common), limited rural/islands. 5G in urban areas boosts connectivity for transport apps.

Avg: 45+ Mbps • Urban Java/Sumatra strong (50%+ coverage); rural gaps persist, Palapa Ring project aids outer islands

Airport Connectivity
7.8/10

656 airports (79 major); strong domestic network across islands. Soekarno-Hatta (CGK) key hub with expansions to 1.5M ton cargo. Tanjung Priok port complements air trade corridors. Good international links to Asia/Europe.

Hubs: Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta (CGK), Bali Ngurah Rai (DPS), Surabaya Juanda (SUB), Medan Kualanamu (KNO)

Transportation Costs

Metro Pass
IDR 200,000/month (Jakarta KRL)
Bus Trip
IDR 3,500-10,000 per ride
Taxi
IDR 50,000 start + IDR 5,000/km (Grab/GoJek)
High-speed Train
IDR 300,000-500,000 Jakarta-Bandung

Mobile Network

5G Coverage: Major cities (Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung) covered by Telkomsel/Indosat/XL; expanding to 50+ cities by 2026
4G Coverage: 95%+ population coverage; strong nationwide from Telkomsel (200M+ subs), Indosat

Reliable networks support ride-hailing (Grab) and navigation; urban 4G/5G fast (50+ Mbps), rural 4G adequate but island gaps remain.

Driving License

IDP requiredConversion needed

International Driving Permit (IDP) required with valid foreign license for tourists (up to 3 months). Long-term residents must convert to Indonesian license via tests after 90 days. Drives on left side.

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