Politics & Government Guide · IraqPolitics & Government Guide in Iraq
Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions
Iraq operates as a federal parliamentary republic under the 2005 constitution, with Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani leading the government since 2022. The unicameral Council of Representatives, expanded to 329 seats, saw elections in November 2025 where al-Sudani's Reconstruction and Development coalition won the most seats amid persistent sectarian divisions and external influences.
Government Type
Federal parliamentary republic
Legal System
Mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic law
Head of State
President Latif Rashid(since 2022)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani(Reconstruction and Development coalition)since 2022
Legislature
Major Political Parties
Shia Islamist
Sunni
Shia Islamist
Voting Rights
Iraqi citizens aged 18 and above have the right to vote in national elections. Residents and foreigners do not have voting rights.
Recent Developments
- Parliamentary elections held on November 17, 2025, with Reconstruction and Development coalition securing 46 seats
- Mohammed Shia al-Sudani's coalition topped the results in the 2025 elections
- Ongoing political negotiations for government formation following 2025 elections
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