Mauritania, largely covered by the Sahara Desert, confronts profound environmental challenges including extreme water scarcity, advancing desertification, and increasing drought frequency due to climate change. With forest coverage under 1%, the nation relies on international aid for adaptation. Limited local data hinders comprehensive assessment, but global reports highlight rising temperatures (1.5-2°C over 30 years) and locust invasions impacting food security. Sustainability efforts focus on renewable energy potential and NDCs under the Paris Agreement.