Contributory PAYG system provides old-age pension from age 60 with 20+ years coverage; benefit is 20% of average earnings plus 1.33% per additional 12 months, capped at 80%, with minimum at 60% of regional minimum wage. Limited coverage and low replacement rates indicate weak sustainability.

Replacement rates typically below 50% for most due to short careers and low contribution caps (MRU 7,000); high poverty risk among elderly as supplementary private pensions are rare and employer retirement benefits uncommon.

Free public healthcare available to residents but quality is low with limited facilities outside urban areas; most rely on expensive private care, and social security covers illness/maternity for contributors only.