Nepal flagPolitics & Government Guide

Political system, governance structure, stability indicators, and democratic institutions in Nepal

Nepal continues to navigate its complex political landscape as a federal parliamentary republic, with ongoing challenges in political stability, economic development, and implementing constitutional reforms.

Political Stability

Below Average

Corruption Index

Below Average

Democracy Index

Below Average

Government Type

Federal Parliamentary Republic

Legal System

Mixed legal system of civil law and customary law

Head of State

President Ram Chandra Paudel(since 2023)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal(Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre))since 2022

Political Indicators

Political Stability
0.45Rank #138

Scale: 0-1

Moderately Unstable

World Bank Political Stability Index (2024)

Corruption Index
34Rank #131

Scale: 0-100

Transparency International (2024)

Press Freedom
47.3Rank #106

Scale: 0-100

Reporters Without Borders (2024)

Democracy Index
4.79Rank #95

Scale: 0-10

Hybrid Regime

Economist Intelligence Unit (2024)

Legislature

Type:bicameral
Upper House:National Assembly (59 seats)
Lower House:House of Representatives (275 seats)

Major Political Parties

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)(CPN-UML)

Left-wing

53 seats
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)(CPN-MC)

Far-left

32 seats
Nepali Congress(NC)

Center-left

89 seats

Voting Rights

Citizens 18 and older can vote, with universal and equal right to participate in elections

Recent Developments

  • Political coalition government formed in 2022
  • Ongoing efforts to stabilize federal democratic system
  • Continued implementation of 2015 constitution
  • Economic reforms and anti-corruption initiatives
Voting Age18
SuffrageUniversal adult suffrage
Constitution2015
Provinces7