Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation with over 206 million people, grapples with severe environmental pressures from rapid urbanization, oil pollution, deforestation, and climate change impacts. Average temperatures have risen by approximately 1.1°C since 1961, leading to more frequent floods and droughts. Air quality data is limited but urban areas suffer from high PM2.5 levels due to traffic and industry. Water access affects 60 million without safe sources, while forest cover has declined to 9.4%. Sustainability initiatives target renewables and NDCs under the Paris Agreement.