No fixed replacement rates as it's a funded DC system; adequacy depends on contributions and investment returns, often insufficient for private sector workers without long service. High poverty risk for retirees due to low formal employment coverage and market volatility.

Limited public healthcare via National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) for formal workers; retirees face out-of-pocket costs in underfunded facilities with quality issues. Private hospitals available in cities but expensive for expats without insurance.