São Tomé and Príncipe has a small, humid equatorial tropical climate shaped by its two main volcanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Because the country is very small and topographically varied, climate differences are mostly local: wetter windward hills, slightly drier lowlands, and cooler conditions at higher elevations. Köppen climate conditions are predominantly tropical rainforest (Af) and tropical monsoon/savanna transitions in some lower or more seasonal areas. For residents and expats, the climate is warm year-round, with high humidity, frequent rain, and limited temperature seasonality. Living comfort depends more on elevation, exposure to sea breezes, and drainage than on broad seasonal change.